WHAT IS HYPOTHYROIDISM: SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce sufficient thyroid hormones, leading to a slowdown in metabolism. The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, produces hormones (T4 and T3) that regulate metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. When the thyroid is underactive, it affects the entire body's functions.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism:

Hypothyroidism is characterised by a range of symptoms that develop gradually, says Delhi-based endocrinologist Rashmi Khurrana. She suggests one should take the following symptoms seriously.

Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and lack of energy is one of the common symptoms.

Weight gain: Unexplained weight gain, often despite no change in diet or exercise, is also considered as one of the common symptoms.

Sensitivity to cold: Feeling unusually cold, especially in extremities like hands and feet, is another sign.

Constipation: The person suffering from hypothyroidism will find it difficult to pass stools and there will be infrequent bowel movements.

Dry skin: Skin may become dry, flaky, and prone to itching.

Depression: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loss of interest in activities.

Hoarse voice: Changes in voice quality, often becoming hoarse or deeper than usual.

In addition to these primary symptoms, individuals with hypothyroidism may experience other issues such as muscle weakness, joint pain, hair loss, and irregular menstrual periods in women.

Causes of hypothyroidism:

The causes of hypothyroidism can vary, but some common factors include:

Hashimoto's disease: This autoimmune condition is the leading cause, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.

Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by viral infections or autoimmune conditions.

Iodine deficiency: The thyroid gland needs iodine to produce hormones, and a lack of iodine in the diet can lead to hypothyroidism, says Khurrana.

Hereditary conditions: Genetic factors can predispose individuals to thyroid disorders.

Postpartum thyroiditis: This condition can occur after pregnancy, leading to temporary or long-term hypothyroidism.

Tests for hypothyroidism:

Diagnosing hypothyroidism typically involves the following:

Blood tests: The primary test is measuring levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). High TSH levels and low thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) indicate hypothyroidism.

Physical examination: A healthcare provider may check for an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) during a physical exam.

Living with hypothyroidism:

Diet: Most diets provide sufficient iodine, but iodine-rich foods like dairy, eggs, seafood, and iodised salt can be beneficial.

Medication management: Consistent medication intake and monitoring are necessary for a healthy life.

Symptom awareness: Being aware of symptoms worsening or new symptoms is important for timely medical intervention.

2024-04-02T07:49:48Z dg43tfdfdgfd